{"id":1942,"date":"2026-03-31T19:24:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T19:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/de\/?p=1942"},"modified":"2026-03-31T19:24:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T19:24:27","slug":"diabetes-mellitus-typ-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/de\/erkrankungen\/diabetes-mellitus-typ-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Diabetes mellitus Typ 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Diabetes mellitus mit relativem Insulinmangel durch Insulinresistenz u. gest\u00f6rte Insulinsekretion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ursachen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Verminderte Insulinwirkung (Insulinresistenz) an Leber-, Muskel- u. Fettzellen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gest\u00f6rte Insulinsekretion bis zur Ersch\u00f6pfung der Insulinproduktion (Sekund\u00e4rversagen)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Beg\u00fcnstigt durch \u00dcbergewicht, Bewegungsmangel, Stress, bestimmte Arzneimittel,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symptome<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Langsamer Beginn \u00fcber Mon. bis Jahre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rezid. Harnwegs- u. Hautinfektionen (Jucken, Mykosen), Sehst\u00f6rungen, allg. Schw\u00e4che, Leistungsabfall<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meist Teil des metabolischen Syndroms: stammbetonte Adipositas, Blutfettspiegel \u2191, Hypertonie, gest\u00f6rte Glukosetoleranz, Hyperurik\u00e4mie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sp\u00e4ter Diabetessymptome: Polyurie, Gewichtsabnahme, Durst<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bei Diagnose oft schon Sp\u00e4tfolgen:<br>\u2013 Makroangiopathie: pAVK, KHK, apoplektischer Insult, Myokardinfarkt<br>\u2013 Mikroangiopathie: Nierenschaden, Retinopathie, Neuropathie (z. B. Sensibilit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rungen, Herzrhythmusst\u00f6rungen, Darm-, Blasenentleerungsst\u00f6rungen, Ulzera, Potenzst\u00f6rungen)<br>\u2013 Diabetisches Fu\u00dfsyndrom<br>\u2013 Verminderte Immunabwehr<br>\u2013 Hypertriglyzerid\u00e4mie mit Fettleber<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnostik<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In 30\u201370 % aller F\u00e4lle Zufallsbefund<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anamnese, k\u00f6rperl. Untersuchung<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diagnosekriterien nach ADA u. WHO:<br>\u2013 Symptomatik u. 1 Gelegenheits-BZ (unabh\u00e4ngig von Nahrungsaufnahme u.<br>Tageszeit) \u2265 200 mg\/dl (11,1 mmol\/l)<br>\u2013 Wiederholte N\u00fcchternplasmaglukose (8-Std.-Nahrungskarenz) \u2265 126 mg\/dl (7,0 mmol\/l) o. oraler Glukosetoleranztest (oGTT) &gt; 200 mg\/dl<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glukose im Urin<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bestimmung der Glykoh\u00e4moglobine (HbA1 bzw. HbA1C) zeigen mittleren BZ-Spiegel<br>der letzten 6\u20138 Wo., v. a. f\u00fcr Therapieverlauf relevant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Therapie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ziele: \u203a Diabetes mellitus Typ 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lifestyletherapie u. Vorbeugung vor Langzeitsch\u00e4den  individuell einstellen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Therapie nach Stufenschema:<br>\u2013 Stufe 1: Schulung, Ver\u00e4nderung des Lebensstils, Gewichtsreduktion (Ern\u00e4hrung u. Bewegung)<br>\u2013 Stufe 2: Orales Antidiabetikum (OAD)<br>\u2013 Stufe 3: Mehrere Antidiabetika<br>\u2013 Stufe 4: Insulin + OAD: Dosiseinsparung, oft nur 1 Insulininjektion pro Tag erforderl.<br>\u2013 Stufe 5: Intensivierte o. konventionelle Insulintherapie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hinweise zur Pflege<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wirkungsweise, Abstand zur Nahrungsaufnahme, NW der oralen Antidiabetika<br>beachten<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bewegung intensivieren, h\u00e4ufig ist Gewichtsabnahme notwendig<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tgl. sorgf\u00e4ltige Fu\u00dfinspektion, keine engen Socken o. dr\u00fcckenden Schuhe, atmungsaktive Socken und Schuhe, Verletzungen vermeiden (z. B. nicht barfu\u00df gehen), auch kleinste Verletzungen behandeln, Diabetikerschuhe o. Spezialschuhe bei Fu\u00dfver\u00e4nderungen, regelm. eine Fu\u00dfambulanz aufsuchen, bei \u201eProblemf\u00fc\u00dfen\u201c Fu\u00df- und Nagelpflege durch einen Podologen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Angeh\u00f6rige in die Patientenschulung einbeziehen:<br>\u2013 Selbstkontrolle: BZ-Wert (mind. 4 \u00d7 tgl.), Ketonk\u00f6rper im Urin<br>\u2013 Umgang mit Insulin, Insulinarten und Wirkbeginn, Injektionstechniktechnik, Spritz Ess-Abstand, Injektionsorte<br>\u2013 Ern\u00e4hrung: i. d. R. hohe Flexibilit\u00e4t bzgl. Nahrungsmittel und H\u00e4ufigkeit bei einer<br> Intensivierten konventionellen Insulintherapie und Insulinpumpentherapie<br>\u2013 Diabetes und Bewegung<br>\u2013 Diabetes und Hobbys<br>\u2013 Verhalten in Sondersituationen, z. B. Sport, Infektionskrankheiten<br>\u2013 Vermeiden\/Erkennen von Hypoglyk\u00e4mien<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Folgeerkrankungen u. Sp\u00e4tkomplikationen durch Mikro- und Makroangiopathie und deren Pr\u00e4vention, z. B. sorgf\u00e4ltige Fu\u00dfpflege, Augen\u00e4rztIn-Termine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Besondere Informationen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Deutschland: &gt; 95 % aller Diabetiker Typ- 2-Diabetiker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hauptmanifestationsfaktoren: \u00dcbergewicht, Bewegungsmangel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Akute Komplikationen:<br>\u2013 Hypoglyk\u00e4mien<br>\u2013 Hyperglyk\u00e4mien<br>\u2013 Diabetisches Koma<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diabetes mellitus mit relativem Insulinmangel durch Insulinresistenz u. gest\u00f6rte Insulinsekretion Ursachen Symptome Diagnostik Therapie Hinweise zur Pflege Besondere Informationen<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":172,"featured_media":2157,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"erkrankungen-individual-entry","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erkrankungen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 - Student Hub Germany<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Diabetes mellitus Typ 2: Ursachen, Symptome, Diagnose und Behandlung. 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