{"id":2614,"date":"2026-02-12T20:22:55","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T20:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/?p=2614"},"modified":"2026-02-12T20:38:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T20:38:31","slug":"heart-month-cardiology-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/blog\/heart-month-cardiology-review\/","title":{"rendered":"The\u00a0Healthy\u00a0vs.\u00a0\u201cBroken\u201d\u00a0Heart: A 3-Step\u00a0Cardiology\u00a0Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>February&nbsp;is&nbsp;Heart&nbsp;Month and&nbsp;Valentine&#8217;s Day,&nbsp;a perfect&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;sharpen your cardiology knowledge.&nbsp;This&nbsp;3-step&nbsp;cardiology&nbsp;review contrasts healthy vs. \u201cbroken\u201d hearts&nbsp;providing a practical framework you can apply&nbsp;in rotations and exams.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Begin with\u00a0the\u00a0fundamentals of heart\u00a0anatomy, advance through major heart diseases, and finish with clinically relevant decision-making.\u00a0Featuring\u00a0trusted resources from\u00a0<strong>ClinicalKey\u00a0Student<\/strong>, <strong>Osmosis<\/strong>, and <strong>Complete Anatomy<\/strong>,\u00a0this review can help you study\u00a0efficiently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Anatomy of the Heart<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Anatomy of the heart\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BuvuxKx7wJY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Osmosis Video Preview: Anatomy of the Heart<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Osmosis<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;offers short white-board style animated videos to support your learning of difficult concepts, accompanied by flashcards and practice questions to reinforce your learning.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Related Resources:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/learn\/Cardiovascular_system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Osmosis: Introduction to Cardiovascular System<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/library\/oh\/organ-systems\/cardiovascular-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Osmosis Library: Cardiovascular System<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-9-16 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Understand the anatomy of the heart in 3D with Complete Anatomy\" width=\"422\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VbddHERxE_4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Understand heart anatomy in 3D<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>With&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/3d4medical.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complete Anatomy<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong>you can rotate the heart in 3D, explore layers, valves, and vessels, and visualize anatomical relationships with precision. This type of exploration helps to memorize key structures and connect theory with clinical practice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Related Resources:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wFPkBZogQcU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complete Anatomy: Introduction to Cardiovascular System<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=bxT93P50At0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Complete Anatomy: Visualize the Beating Heart<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Heart Disease<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although a wide range of diseases can affect the cardiovascular system, the pathophysiologic pathways that result in a <strong>\u201cbroken\u201d heart<\/strong> can be distilled down to six principal mechanisms:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Failure of the pump<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;In the most common situation, the cardiac muscle contracts&nbsp;weakly&nbsp;and the chambers cannot empty properly\u2014so-called&nbsp;systolic dysfunction.&nbsp;In some cases, the muscle cannot relax sufficiently to permit ventricular filling, resulting in&nbsp;diastolic dysfunction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Obstruction to flow<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;Lesions that prevent valve opening (e.g.,&nbsp;calcific aortic valve stenosis) or cause increased ventricular chamber pressures (e.g.,&nbsp;systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis) can overwork the myocardium, which&nbsp;has to&nbsp;pump against the increased obstruction (as in valvular stenosis) or resistance (as in hypertension).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Regurgitant flow<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;Valve pathology that allows backward flow of blood results in increased volume workload and may overwhelm the pumping capacity of the affected chambers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Shunted flow<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;Defects (congenital or&nbsp;acquired) that divert blood inappropriately from one chamber to another, or from one vessel to another, lead to pressure and volume overloads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Disorders of cardiac conduction<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;Uncoordinated cardiac impulses or blocked conduction pathways can cause arrhythmias that slow contractions or prevent effective pumping altogether.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Rupture of the heart or major vessel<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;Loss of circulatory continuity (e.g.,&nbsp;a gunshot wound through the thoracic aorta) may lead to massive blood loss, shock, and death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/9780323790185-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2648 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/9780323790185-1.jpg 390w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/9780323790185-1.jpg?resize=234,300 234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Content Adapted from <strong>Robbins &amp; Kumar Basic Pathology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avaliable in print and on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/student\/content\/book\/3-s2.0-B9780323790185000096#hl0000890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ClinicalKey Student<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.us.elsevierhealth.com\/robbins-kumar-basic-pathology-9780323790185.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discover the book<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Related Resources:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/osmosis.org\/learn\/Valvular_heart_disease:_Pathology_review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Osmosis Pathology Review: Valvular heart disease<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/learn\/Heart_failure:_Pathology_review\">Osmosis Pathology Review: Heart Failure<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ypYI_lmLD7g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Osmosis Video: Congestive heart failure<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/student\/topic\/cardiomyopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ClinicalKey Student: Cardiomyopathy Summary<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Myocardial Infarction<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Myocardial infarction (MI), also commonly referred to as \u201cheart attack,\u201d is&nbsp;necrosis&nbsp;of the heart muscle resulting from ischemia.<\/strong>&nbsp;The 2018 joint task force of U.S. and European Cardiology groups defines MI \u201cas the presence of acute myocardial injury detected by abnormal cardiac biomarkers in the setting of evidence of acute myocardial ischemia.\u201d The major underlying cause of IHD is atherosclerosis; while MIs can occur at&nbsp;virtually any&nbsp;age, the frequency rises progressively with aging and with increasing risk factors for atherosclerosis (&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/student\/content\/book\/3-s2.0-B9780323790185000084\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chapter 8&nbsp;<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, approximately 10% of MIs occur before 40 years of age, and 45% occur before 65 years of age. Men are at greater risk than women, but the gap progressively narrows with age. In general, women tend to be protected against MI during their reproductive years. However, menopause\u2014with declining estrogen production\u2014is associated with exacerbation of coronary artery disease, and IHD is the most common cause of death in older adult women.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:20% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/9780323790185-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2648 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/9780323790185-1.jpg 390w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/02\/9780323790185-1.jpg?resize=234,300 234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Content Adapted from <strong>Robbins &amp; Kumar Basic Pathology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avaliable in print and on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/student\/content\/book\/3-s2.0-B9780323790185000096#hl0001378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ClinicalKey Student<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.us.elsevierhealth.com\/robbins-kumar-basic-pathology-9780323790185.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discover the book<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Did you know MI presents differently in woman? this knowledge helped Dr. Mike save his patient&#8217;s life, just in time! <strong>Hear this impactful patient story in Complete Anatomy&#8217;s latest collaboration with Dr. MIke<\/strong>.<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Arguing With My Patient Saved Her Life\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7QGjadg5xa8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Doctor Mike: Patient Encounter Story<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Related Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osmosis.org\/learn\/Myocardial_infarction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Osmosis: Learn about Myocardial Infarction<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtube.com\/shorts\/IL0WNph6YZg?si=prnIPaCRGEIqis9i\">Complete Anatomy: Compare healthy heart vs. Myocarditis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/redirect?event=video_description&amp;redir_token=QUFFLUhqbVdxSzhuWThZQWtzcjVLMDkyS0FLMXYtOWNCZ3xBQ3Jtc0ttbnBHdFQyZjM0WXVlQVA2dkVRUnVQRTV4eHJTZUdRcHNad1psNW1vNVd4RFJlaU5xOTBHT09BdWdTSHdSc3hBbmEyM2VLdUZRM2Z1OFVTR292SDlqdUxVLUVjLS1nNEkxT1BVRTg0cHFxcGtFRWJkZw&amp;q=https%3A%2F%2Fstore.3d4medical.com%2Foffer%3Fpromo%3Ddoctormike&amp;v=7QGjadg5xa8\">Complete Anatomy: explore the female heart &amp; cardiac muscle models<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>February&nbsp;is&nbsp;Heart&nbsp;Month and&nbsp;Valentine&#8217;s Day,&nbsp;a perfect&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;sharpen your cardiology knowledge.&nbsp;This&nbsp;3-step&nbsp;cardiology&nbsp;review contrasts healthy vs. \u201cbroken\u201d hearts&nbsp;providing a practical framework you can apply&nbsp;in rotations and exams.&nbsp; Begin with\u00a0the\u00a0fundamentals of heart\u00a0anatomy, advance through major heart diseases, and finish with clinically relevant decision-making.\u00a0Featuring\u00a0trusted resources from\u00a0ClinicalKey\u00a0Student, Osmosis, and Complete Anatomy,\u00a0this review can help you study\u00a0efficiently. Anatomy of the Heart Osmosis&nbsp;offers short white-board style [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":170,"featured_media":2661,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,12,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-medical","category-nursing"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The\u00a0Healthy\u00a0vs.\u00a0\u201cBroken\u201d\u00a0Heart: A 3-Step\u00a0Cardiology\u00a0Review - Student Hub EN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/en\/blog\/heart-month-cardiology-review\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The\u00a0Healthy\u00a0vs.\u00a0\u201cBroken\u201d\u00a0Heart: A 3-Step\u00a0Cardiology\u00a0Review - Student Hub EN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"February&nbsp;is&nbsp;Heart&nbsp;Month and&nbsp;Valentine&#8217;s Day,&nbsp;a perfect&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;sharpen your cardiology knowledge.&nbsp;This&nbsp;3-step&nbsp;cardiology&nbsp;review contrasts healthy vs. \u201cbroken\u201d hearts&nbsp;providing a practical framework you can apply&nbsp;in rotations and exams.&nbsp; Begin with\u00a0the\u00a0fundamentals of heart\u00a0anatomy, advance through major heart diseases, and finish with clinically relevant decision-making.\u00a0Featuring\u00a0trusted resources from\u00a0ClinicalKey\u00a0Student, Osmosis, and Complete Anatomy,\u00a0this review can help you study\u00a0efficiently. 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