{"id":1932,"date":"2025-10-29T01:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T01:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/?p=1932"},"modified":"2025-10-28T14:07:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T14:07:37","slug":"guia-nutricional-para-reducir-el-riesgo-de-ictus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/blog\/guia-nutricional-para-reducir-el-riesgo-de-ictus\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00eda nutricional para reducir el riesgo de ictus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>El&nbsp;<strong>ictus (accidente cerebrovascular)<\/strong>&nbsp;tiene lugar cuando la irrigaci\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea del enc\u00e9falo se interrumpe s\u00fabitamente (es decir, ictus isqu\u00e9mico, que representa un 87% de todos los ictus [American Heart Association [AHA], 2017]), o bien cuando se rompe un vaso sangu\u00edneo encef\u00e1lico (ictus hemorr\u00e1gico). Ambas situaciones provocan la muerte de las c\u00e9lulas cerebrales en minutos debido a la falta de ox\u00edgeno y nutrientes o a causa de la sangre alrededor del enc\u00e9falo, respectivamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los ictus graves a menudo est\u00e1n precedidos por&nbsp;<strong>accidentes isqu\u00e9micos transitorios (AIT)<\/strong>&nbsp;, episodios breves de disfunci\u00f3n cerebral de origen vascular sin un d\u00e9ficit neurol\u00f3gico persistente.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tratamiento nutricional m\u00e9dico<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Los cambios conductuales y del estilo de vida incluidos en la dieta son componentes clave en la prevenci\u00f3n primaria del ictus. El ensayo controlado aleatorizado (ECA) de referencia PREDIMED demostr\u00f3 c\u00f3mo la dieta mediterr\u00e1nea complementada con frutos secos de \u00e1rbol o aceite de oliva virgen extra reduc\u00eda los episodios cardiovasculares, incluido el ictus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Se debe intentar mantener la salud global del paciente. Por ejemplo, los alimentos que sostienen la reparaci\u00f3n celular y mejoran la respuesta de los marcadores inflamatorios son los frutos secos, los l\u00e1cteos semidesnatados, los cereales integrales, y las frutas y verduras ricas en antioxidantes. En particular, en algunos estudios se ha demostrado que una dieta rica en \u00e1cidos grasos \u03c9-3 tiene efecto protector frente al ictus, y las recomendaciones diet\u00e9ticas actuales de comer pescado azul dos veces por semana ayudan a cubrir el objetivo de la ingesta de \u03c9-3. Tenga en cuenta que los suplementos de \u00e1cidos grasos \u03c9-3 no han demostrado el mismo beneficio y que est\u00e1n contraindicados en las personas que toman anticoagulantes o antiagregantes, como warfarina o \u00e1cido acetilsalic\u00edlico. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gu\u00eda nutricional para reducir el riesgo de ictus<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1934\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/8_edd44a.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1935\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/9_b387ec.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1936\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/10_ea35c8.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1937\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/11_01f4ac.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1938\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/12_0a0126.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/13.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png 1080w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png?resize=150,150 150w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png?resize=300,300 300w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png?resize=768,768 768w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/14.png?resize=120,120 120w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las dificultades para la alimentaci\u00f3n y los problemas conductuales resultantes est\u00e1n determinados por la extensi\u00f3n del ictus y la zona del enc\u00e9falo afectada. La disfagia, que es un factor predictivo de mortalidad independiente, es frecuente en el ictus y contribuye a las complicaciones y el mal pron\u00f3stico por malnutrici\u00f3n, las infecciones pulmonares, la discapacidad, el aumento de la duraci\u00f3n del ingreso hospitalario y el tratamiento institucionalizado. En algunos casos se requiere nutrici\u00f3n enteral a trav\u00e9s de una sonda de alimentaci\u00f3n para mantener la salud nutricional hasta que pueda reanudarse la alimentaci\u00f3n oral. A medida que mejora la funci\u00f3n motora, la alimentaci\u00f3n y otras AVD forman parte del proceso de rehabilitaci\u00f3n del paciente necesario para restablecer su independencia. La malnutrici\u00f3n es predictiva de un mal pron\u00f3stico y debe prevenirse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-cf9dd0f5 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-radius:28px;background-color:#eee7d7\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"198\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/studenthub.elsevier.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/11\/2025\/10\/image_1c924b.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1941\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Contenido adaptado de <em><strong>Krause. Mahan. Dietoterapia<\/strong><\/em>, 16\u00aa edici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Accede a la gu\u00eda completa en nuestra plataforma de aprendizaje <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicalkey.com\/student\/content\/book\/3-s2.0-B9788413826707000414#hl0002146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ClinicalKey Student<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cons\u00edguela en tu librer\u00eda m\u00e1s cercana<a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/es-es\/promotions\/mapa-de-librerias\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> aqu\u00ed.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El&nbsp;ictus (accidente cerebrovascular)&nbsp;tiene lugar cuando la irrigaci\u00f3n sangu\u00ednea del enc\u00e9falo se interrumpe s\u00fabitamente (es decir, ictus isqu\u00e9mico, que representa un 87% de todos los ictus [American Heart Association [AHA], 2017]), o bien cuando se rompe un vaso sangu\u00edneo encef\u00e1lico (ictus hemorr\u00e1gico). Ambas situaciones provocan la muerte de las c\u00e9lulas cerebrales en minutos debido a la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":164,"featured_media":1933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,56,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-enfermeria","category-medicina"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>guia-nutricional-para-reducir-el-riesgo-de-ictus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los cambios conductuales y del estilo de vida (dieta) son componentes clave en la prevenci\u00f3n primaria del ictus. 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